Adil Meléndez Márquez

ALERT 01/02/2023

ALERT 27/04/2023

ALERT 06/12/2019

KOLUMBIEN: Sir Henry Brooke-Preis 2024 für Anwalt Adil Meléndez, der die Aufhebung von Schutzmaßnahmen anprangert

1. Februar 2024

Das Observatorium begrüßt die Entscheidung der Alliance of Lawyers at Risk CIO, ihren Sir Henry Brooke-Preis 2024 an den Rechtsanwalt Adil Meléndez für seinen Mut, seine Entschlossenheit und sein außergewöhnliches Engagement bei der Verteidigung der Menschenrechte und der Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Kolumbien zu verleihen.

Dennoch wurde dem Anwalt bei der Preisverleihung am 23. Januar 2024 in London mitgeteilt, dass die Nationale Schutzeinheit (UNP)[1] die Schutzmaßnahmen, die er genossen hatte, aufheben würde.

Adil Meléndez ist ein Anwalt, der für seine hartnäckige Arbeit bei der Vertretung von vertriebenen, afro-deszendenten, indigenen und bäuerlichen Gemeinschaften in symbolträchtigen Fällen von Landrückgabe sowie von Opfern von Korruption auf hoher Ebene und von Verbrechen paramilitärischer Gruppen in Kolumbien bekannt ist.

Das Observatorium hat die Angriffe auf den Rechtsanwalt Adil Meléndez durch entsprechende Warnmeldungen und Mitteilungen an den kolumbianischen Staat angeprangert und verurteilt. Rechtsanwalt Meléndez war mehrfach Opfer von Todesdrohungen und Mordversuchen geworden. Die Risikosituation wurde von der Interamerikanischen Menschenrechtskommission (IACHR) anerkannt, die 2006 vorsorgliche Maßnahmen zur Gewährleistung seines Schutzes gewährte und dabei berücksichtigte, dass sein Risiko aus seiner Tätigkeit als Verteidiger herrührt.

Das Observatorium bedauert die Entscheidung der Nationalen Schutzeinheit, die Adil Meléndez einer Situation völliger Schutzlosigkeit ausliefert und den Anwalt damit ernsthaften Gefahren für sein Leben und das seiner Familie aussetzt.

Das Observatorium fordert die kolumbianischen Behörden, insbesondere die Nationale Schutzeinheit, nachdrücklich auf, ihre Entscheidung zu überdenken und alle notwendigen Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um den Schutz von Rechtsanwalt Melendez zu gewährleisten und die vom IACHR gewährten einstweiligen Maßnahmen zu respektieren.

Angesichts dieser Situation erinnert das Observatorium die kolumbianischen Behörden an die Bestimmungen der Grundsätze der Vereinten Nationen über die Rolle der Anwaltschaft, insbesondere an die Grundsätze 16 und 17:

„Die Behörden müssen sicherstellen, dass Rechtsanwälte a) alle ihre beruflichen Aufgaben ohne Behinderung, Einschüchterung, Belästigung oder unzulässige Einmischung erfüllen können;(…).“ (Grundsatz 16)

„Wenn die Sicherheit von Anwälten bei der Ausübung ihrer Pflichten bedroht ist, müssen sie von den Behörden angemessen geschützt werden.“ (Grundsatz 17)

[1] Die Nationale Schutzeinheit (UNP) ist die kolumbianische Institution, die Schutzanträge analysiert, Risikostudien durchführt und Präventions- und Schutzmaßnahmen für Personen und Gemeinschaften verwaltet, deren Leben, Integrität und persönliche Freiheit durch die Entwicklung ihrer Aktivitäten bedroht sind.

Colombia: The Observatory condemns new death threats against lawyer Adil Meléndez for defending communities affected by human rights and environmental violations

26th April, 2023

Adil José Meléndez Márquez represents victims of land expropriation and families of people killed by paramilitary forces in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Lawyer Meléndez Márquez advocates against multinationals that threaten the lives of peasant communities, being the main lawyer of those who oppose the Canal del Dique mega-project, whose implementation would imply a serious deterioration of the environment that would directly affect the lives of peasant communities in the Cartagena de Indias area.

On Tuesday 10 April 2023, the lawyer received a message on his phone signed by the paramilitary group „autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia“, also known as the Clan del Golfo, in which he was threatened with death for defending victims in the Cartagena district and its surroundings. As reported to police authorities, in addition to the lawyer, 10 other people received similar threats on the same day, including social leaders, journalists and pre-candidates for mayor of Cartagena de Indias.

The Observatory strongly condemns these new threats against lawyer Adil José Meléndez Márquez and recalls that this is not an isolated incident.  The last death threat he received, for opposing the Canal del Dique, only a few months ago (17 August 2022), was sent to him and two other colleagues, accompanied by a funeral wreath.

The Observatory is concerned by these acts of intimidation which jeopardise the free and independent practice of the law, as well as the effective access to justice of the victims he represents.

The Observatory calls on the Colombian authorities to guarantee the safety of Adil José Meléndez Vázquez and to implement the necessary measures to ensure his physical integrity and his right to exercise his profession without pressure.

The Observatory calls on the Colombian authorities to investigate and punish the perpetrators of these threats with all due diligence, without impunity.

Against this background, the Observatory recalls that the independence of the legal profession is one of the main indicators of democratic health and consolidation of the rule of law. This is in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Principles for the Role of Lawyers.

Therefore, in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Principles for the Role of Lawyers, in particular Principles 16, 17 and 18 which state the following:

Principle 16: “Governments shall ensure that lawyers (a) are able to perform all their professional functions without intimidation, hindrance, harassment or improper interference;(…)”

Principle 17: “Where the security of lawyers is threatened as a result of the exercise of their functions, they shall receive adequate protection from the authorities.”

Principle 18: „Lawyers shall not be identified with their clients or with the causes of their clients as a consequence of the performance of their functions.”

COLOMBIA: Adil Meléndez Márquez, human rights lawyer facing threats

6th December, 2019

On 6 December 2019, Adil Meléndez was threatened by a phone call and filed a complaint with the competent authorities. Mr. Meléndez believes that this threat is directly related to his work as a lawyer, as a defender of alleged perpetrators of human rights violations who have expressed their willingness to appear before the Special Court for Peace (JEP) and tell the truth.

These threats not only hinder Mr. Meléndez’s ability to freely exercise his profession as a lawyer, but also the realization of the right of access to justice and the right of victims to truth, justice, reparation and non-repetition, which are the pillars on which the Colombian transitional justice system is based.

Furthermore, the protection regime for Mr. Meléndez has not been sufficiently adapted to respond to the current risk situation. In March 2019, several organizations, including the International Observatory for Lawyers in Danger, expressed to the Colombian authorities their concern regarding the revocation in December 2018 of the armoured vehicle provided to him by the National Protection Unit (UNP) and its replacement by an ordinary car. To date, we do not know whether the protection regime in favour of Mr. Meléndez has been strengthened to ensure his safety and whether it is appropriate for a high level of risk.

We also note that because of this high level of risk, Mr. Meléndez has had to seek financial support from Front Line Defenders to put in place additional protective measures at his home and office.

Some of the signatory organisations are working closely with Mr Meléndez and have met with him on several occasions, such as during Mr Meléndez’s last visit to Europe in December 2019. Their work is essential to promote justice and protect human rights in Colombia, particularly in the Caribbean region.

In 2006, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) granted Mr. Meléndez precautionary measures, in turn requesting the Colombian government to take the necessary measures to protect his physical integrity and allow him to carry out his work. We presume that the IACHR continues to monitor his safety.

The OIAD strongly condemns the threats against lawyer Adil Meléndez Márquez.

The OIAD encourages the Colombian authorities to implement the necessary measures to ensure the life and work of this lawyer by reviewing and renewing his protection regime.

The OIAD fully supports all Colombian human rights lawyers who put their lives at risk for the legitimate exercise of their profession.

The OIAD reminds the Colombian authorities of the 1990 United Nations Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers, which state that “Where the security of lawyers is threatened as a result of discharging their functions, they shall be adequately safeguarded by the authorities” (Principle No. 17).